Toxicology Reports

Analysis of eliquid samples from Ecig Wizard

The generic RY4 sample has a wide range of peaks, including some that are identified as various glycol esters. With a few exceptions (none of which are present) glycol esters are generally considered non-hazardous.

West Yorkshire Analytical Services (2011)

Flavour Art (Italy) test results on flavours for cytotoxicity
ClearStream Protocol (2011)

In Vitro Analysis of the Pro-Sensitising Potential of Heaven juice 9 mg Virginia + Perique

The aim of the test is to evaluate that the tested product or raw material does not cause pro-sensitising effects on the involved cell model. For every product intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin, it is important to consider, beside the irritating potential, even the sensitising potential in order to predict the general safety of the finished formula to avoid risks for the consumers. ... the sample ... does not show any stimulating potential on the immune cellular response mediated by monocyte/macrophage.

Analisi Biologiche e Chimiche Tossicologia, Ricerche e Servizi (2010)

Cytotoxicity Evaluation - Sigaretta elettronica "io posso/ Yes I can"

On the bases of the results here shown, the condensed smoke obtained by simuating the use of the product: did not show cytotoxic effects at all tested dilutions on fibroblasts.

Analisi Biologiche e Chimiche Tossicologia, Ricerche e Servizi (2010)

Semi-quantitative deformulation of Safecigs 'Menthol 18mg'

None of these components were detected: cathechol, hydroquinone, phenol, o-cresol, resorcinol, carbon monoxide, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, styrene, naphthalene, anthracene, chrysene, fluorene, or pyrene. This qualitative investigation of the data suggests that tar and carbon monoxide are not present in the liquid sample ...

CHEMIR Analytical Services (2010)

Determination of acrolein and other carbonyls in cigarette smoke using coupledsilica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

TheHQ-DNPHcoupled cartridgewasconnected to the electronic cigarette (The Plemium Smoker, EPI International Co., Ltd., Tokyo Japan) and air was drawn through at a flow rate of 500 mL/min. DNPH-cartridges for low-level carbonyl analysis were used. After collection, the coupled cartridge was kept for 10 min or 16 h at room temperature and was eluted with acetonitrile containing 0.1%phosphoric acid in the reverse direction to air sampling. The eluatewas analyzed by HPLC operating in the gradient mode. For comparison,a DNPH-cartridge was used simultaneously for collection.

Uchiyama, Inaba, Kunugita (2010)

Carbonyls in E-cigarettes

Uchijama (2010) describes a new method to measure carbonyls and demonstrates this with analyses of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes. Instead of using only 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as used by most laboratories, Uchijama trap the carbonyls using a cartridge of silica impregnated with both Hydroquinone (HQ) and DNPH. This gives the first published data on e-cigarette carbonyl emissions.
Summary.
1) Uchijama, using a HQ-DNPH cartridge, instead of the usual DNPH method, records an increase 6.4 to 9.3 ug/L for the e-cigarette, an increase of one-third (not 30 fold as in the text).
2) When adjusted to ug/L or mg/m3, Uchijama’s results are in line with tobacco company measurements of cigarette emissions.
3) The concentrations of acrolein and acetaldehyde are much less for e-cigarettes than for tobacco cigarettes and are low for e-cigarettes for formaldehyde also.

Laugesen (2010)

Batch Test results on liquid from eSmoke.net
Precision Testing Labs, Inc (2009)

Chemical Analysis Report by San Rafael Chemical Services for Elight
First page (2009)
Second (2009)
Third (2009)

Toxicology testing of NJoy & Smoking Everywhere cartridges

Nicotine is present in both products. The Smoking Everywhere Electronic Cigarette cartridges listed as containing no nicotine in some cases had very low amounts of nicotine present. Tobacco specific nitrosamines and tobacco specific impurities were detected in both products at very low levels. DEG [diethylene glycol] was identified in one cartridge, Smoking Everywhere 555 High.

US FDA (2009)

Technical Review and Analysis of FDA Report: “Evaluation of e-cigarettes”

... the report “Evaluation of e-cigarettes” suffers from several limitations, that taken together result in it failing to adequately support the FDA claims of potential adverse health consequences from the use of NJOY e-cigarette products tested as compared to other FDA-approved nicotine containing products.

Exponent Health Sciences (2009)

Certificate of Analysis for Totally Wicked ESmoking Liquid
Scientific Analysis Laboratories Limited (2009)

Characterization of Liquid “Smoke Juice” [Johnson Creek] for Electronic Cigarettes

A liquid “smoke juice” formulation used in electronic cigarettes was tested by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the ingredients in the mixture and their relative concentrations. In addition, vapor produced from an electronic cigarette containing this smoke juice was assayed to compare the relative smoke composition to that of the liquid.

Alliance Technologies (2009)

Analysis of Components from Gamucci Electronic Cigarette Cartridges

On balance, the Gamucci Ltd ‘Regular’ nicotine solution appears to offer a much safer alternative to the traditional cigarette.
Using this nicotine solution, the artificial smoke generated by the Electronic Cigarette does not appear to contain the toxic cocktail of toxic carcinogenic compounds found in traditional tobacco smoke. Some 600+ chemicals have been identified in traditional tobacco smoke, of which many are carcinogenic.
The primary aerosol forming solvent (Propylene Glycol) used in the preparation of the nicotine solution is listed as a suspected respiratory toxicant. should look at changing the aerosol forming solvent from the suspected respiratory toxicant ‘Propylene Glycol’, to an even safer solvent such as Glycerol.

LPD Laboratory Services (2009)

Characterization of Regal [Inlife] Cartridges for Electronic Cigarettes

A liquid formulation used in electronic cigarettes was tested by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major ingredients in the mixture and their relative concentrations. In addition, vapor produced from an electronic cigarette containing this product was assayed by GC-MS and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to compare the relative smoke composition to that of the liquid. Propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and nicotine were observed in this product but diethylene glycol was not.

Alliance Technologies (2009)

Characterization of Regal [Inlife] Cartridges for Electronic Cigarettes – Phase II

A liquid formulation used in electronic cigarettes was tested by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify and determine relative concentrations of 4 Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs) and 8 Tobacco Specific Impurities (TSIs). The 4 nitrosamines were N-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB), NNitrosoanatabine (NAT), N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(Methylnitrosoamino)- 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The 8 Tobacco Specific Impurities were Nicotine 1 –oxide, Myosmine, Anatabine, 1-Methyl-3-nicotinoylpyrrolidine, Nornicotine, Anabasine, β-Nicotyrine and Cotinine. None of the TSNA compounds were found in this sample, but 2 of the 8 TSI’s were found.

Alliance Technologies (2009)

Analysis for Hertfordshire County Council on ecig.co.uk liquid

One bottle of “e-Juice XX HIGH 36mg/ml rated Nicotine Solution” was supplied for analysis by “Hertfordshire Trading Standards” to confirm the components currently found within the Nicotine Solution formulation, and consider what is the appropriate Legislation for dealing with the product.
Solutions of this type can be used in an electronic cigarette which replicates the action of smoking, producing a tobacco aromatized smoke which when inhaled quickly delivers the nicotine to the lung.
The Electronic Cigarette cartridges do not contain “Tobacco” as such, but are formulated using a refined tobacco leaf extract, where the extract used in manufacture may typically contain >= 95% Nicotine. The ES cartridges should therefore be exempt from the current Tobacco Legislation.
Nicotine is classified as a poison and is on the “Poisons List A”, however, there are “No special restrictions to any purchasing group”. It is therefore appropriate to deal with the ES cartridges under the CHIP Regulations.

LPD Laboratory Services (2009)

Chemical Composition of “Instead” Electronic Cigarette Smoke Juice and Vapor

Two different liquid formulations (Instead Zero and Instead High) used in electronic cigarettes were tested by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to identify the major ingredients in the mixture (nicotine, glycols, and glycerin) and their relative concentrations. In addition, vapor produced from an electronic cigarette containing each formulation was also assayed with GC-FID to compare the relative smoke composition in the vapor to that of the liquid. Propylene glycol, nicotine and glycerin were observed in the high formulation for both liquid and vapor, but diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol were not. Only proplylene glycol and glycerin were observed in the Blue Zero formulation for both liquid and vapor samples. An estimate of the nicotine content was found to be 1.3% in the product.

Alliance Technologies (2009)

Liberty Stix Analysis

Propylene glycol and nicotine were the major components detected from the vapor/fog of a lighted cigarette.

Evans Analytical Group (2009)

Safety Report on the Ruyan® e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol

Ruyan® e-cigarette is designed to be a safe alternative to smoking. The various test results confirm this is the case. It is very safe relative to cigarettes, and also safe in absolute terms on all measurements we have applied. Using micro-electronics it vaporizes, separately for each puff, very small quantities of nicotine dissolved in propylene glycol, two small well-known molecules with excellent safety profiles, – into a fine aerosol. Each puff contains one third to one half the nicotine in a tobacco cigarette’s puff. The cartridge liquid is tobacco-free and no combustion occurs.

Health New Zealand Ltd (2008)

Analysis for The Electronic Cigarette Co (UK) Ltd [TECC]

On balance, the nicotine solution cartridges appears to offer a much safer alternative to the traditional cigarette. Apart from the required toxic Nicotine, the samples tested appear to be fairly clean and free from other potentially toxic chemicals.
Using this type of nicotine solution, the artificial smoke generated by an Electronic Cigarette would not appear to contain the toxic cocktail of toxic carcinogenic compounds found in traditional tobacco smoke. Some 600+ chemicals have been identified in traditional smoke tobacco, of which many are carcinogenic.
The primary aerosol forming solvent (Propylene Glycol) used in the preparation of the nicotine solution is listed as a ‘suspected respiratory toxicant’.
‘The Electronic Cigarette Co (UK) Ltd’ should look at changing the aerosol forming solvent from the suspected respiratory toxicant ‘Propylene Glycol’, to an even safer solvent such as Glycerol.

LPD Laboratory Services (2008)

Super Smoker toxicity report
from the toxicology laboratory, Catholic University Leuven (2007)

Crown7 Materials Characterization Report by Analyze Inc (2007)